Russia Day: Celebrating Russian identity and heritage on June 12

Russia's National Day, celebrated on June 12, marks a significant moment in the country's history—the anniversary of the declaration of Russia's sovereignty from the Soviet Union in 1990.

Known as Russia Day, this national holiday is an opportunity for Russians to reflect on their national identity, pride, and the transformative years following the dissolution of the USSR.

The significance of June 12 is rooted in the events of 1990 when the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) formally declared its sovereignty.

This move signalled a major step towards independence, leading to the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union the following year, in December 1991. 

With the creation of the post of the President of the Russian Federation and the adoption of the new Russian Constitution to reflect the new political reality, the national flag, anthem, and emblem of the Russian Federation were major landmarks in the consolidation of Russian statehood.

The country's new name, the Russian Federation, was adopted on December 25, 1991. In 1992, the Supreme Soviet of Russia proclaimed June 12 a national holiday. 

Under a subsequent presidential decree on June 16, 1998, the holiday was officially named "Russia Day".

The declaration of sovereignty was a key turning point, establishing Russia as an independent entity separate from the USSR, with its own distinct political, economic, and cultural identity.

While the holiday's origins are tied to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, its focus has evolved. Initially, the day was celebrated as the Russian Federation Day, but it has since come to represent the broader themes of national unity, patriotism, and Russian history. 

According to some surveys, many Russians think that this holiday is Russia's Independence Day, but the holiday has never had such a name in official documents.

Russia Day serves as a reminder of the country's journey through transformation, marked by challenges, triumphs, and a constant push for development and self-determination.

Over the years, Russia has seen remarkable shifts in its political landscape, economic structure, and global standing. From the chaotic 1990s to the growing stability of the 2000s, Russia has faced a tumultuous yet resilient march forward. 

Russia Day, therefore, is not just a commemoration of independence, but also a time to honour the people’s determination to rebuild and redefine their country.

Festivities on Russia Day are both solemn and celebratory. In the capital city, Moscow, grand events such as parades, concerts, and fireworks take place, drawing large crowds of citizens and dignitaries alike.

The President of Russia traditionally gives a speech to the nation, underscoring the achievements of the Russian people while also acknowledging the challenges that remain.

One of the main symbols of Russia Day is the Russian tricolour flag—white, blue, and red—which represents the unity of the Russian people. The flag is prominently displayed across the country during the holiday, flying atop government buildings, monuments, and businesses. 

These colours, rich in history, have become a powerful symbol of Russian resilience, culture, and pride.

The significance of Russia Day is also felt in the arts, with exhibitions, theatre performances, and cultural displays highlighting the nation’s rich cultural heritage. 

Prominent Russian writers, scientists and humanitarian workers receive State Awards from the President of Russia on this day.

In addition, citizens across the country take the time to participate in community events, reflect on the country’s achievements, and discuss their hopes for the future.

The holiday is also an important opportunity for the Russian people to engage in public service activities. Volunteerism has grown in prominence, with many Russians dedicating their time to charitable causes and social initiatives on this day. 

It is a chance to show solidarity and reaffirm the collective strength of the nation.

In recent years, Russia Day has become an increasingly important part of the country’s international image, with events hosted in Russian embassies across the world, fostering a sense of unity among the Russian diaspora. This worldwide celebration of Russian culture helps to connect citizens with their homeland and reinforces the global presence of Russian identity.

However, many Russians see Russia Day only as a day off. As it commemorates the Soviet Union's dissolution, it brings back bitter memories for some. This is because the dissolution coincided with severe unemployment, high crime and poverty within Russia and other former Soviet republics.